Hmm, I don't have much experience with the process of how to add it into games, and I haven't messed around with shaders enough to know if there's a simple scripting solution.
My favorite example of a AAA game with a colorblind mode is Overwatch, as it adds the ability to customize outlines without changing the rest of the games colors. I'm already used to seeing things a certain way, and I typically don't use colorblind modes in games where it shifts the entire colorspace since it loses the intended palette. A cool thing I remember Among us doing, for the task where you need to connect the electrical wires of matching colors, is to add shapes that correspond to the colors, which I thought was neat. Although I guess its trickier in your case since the puzzle might become too obvious.
And that's actually crazy that you're new to art- fantastic job!