What programming languages should I learn for video game development?
Like with anything else, depends on the games you want to make, and what you're comfortable learning. Besides, it's not just libraries but entire platforms. Libraries. Frameworks. Engines. Those are usually much more important than the language, and in fact might limit what languages you can use.
That said, if you're only just starting, consider Lua, and Love2D to go with it. It's a small language and a simple framework, which means a lot less to learn upfront than with other options.
More important than learning a specific programming language is just learning basic programming concepts. Lua, as No Time To Play mentioned, or javascript are good starter languages.
But most programming languages share a lot of common concepts (variables, collections, control flow, etc). Once you learn those concepts, you can easily pick up what ever language you need once you decide what environment you want to work in.
What engine are you planning to use? Assuming you are... For three of the common ones:
Unity - C#
Unreal - C++
Godot - GScript (similar to Python)
But Unity and Unreal also have visual type scripting where it's more of a drag and drop as opposed to writing actual code.
Then the next questions, what type of game(s)? What are you planning to publish to? PC? Mac? IOS? Android? Consoles?
Without knowing your age, one option is that you can write a game in Scratch which is the dev environment, game engine, player and everything else all in one and all done online. You also can look into anyone else's game and see how they wrote their code. It's all open. If you're just learning it's about as simple as it gets as you can't code incorrect syntax or have typos. You could setup your logic wrong, but the framework is all drag and drop. One of my grandkid worked with Scratch in 4th grade as part of their curriculum. Of course this is never going to be something you could sell or publish (outside of the Scratch ecosystem) but if you are a total novice then it's a very low entry point for trying out creating a game. If you like it then learn more and move up to one of the bigger engines.
I was able to teach myself Java without any prior experience or courses and things are working out pretty fine now.
Although I haven't used any other code so I am unaware of their positive or negatives.
So long as your fine with sticking with 2D Java's is fantastic!
Also Hungry has a good point about scratch I've heard good things about that one.