some animals seem to, I've seen findings that some bats have a few dozen sounds that appear to have definite meanings and will even use the sounds differently between familiar and unfamiliar bats. It might not be true language but it could be the foundation of one
I always been under the assumption that most mammal and avian species communicate vocally. There are lots of inflection tones between when dogs: Bark, whimper, whine, howl, snarl, etc; or when Cats: mewl, hiss, growl, purr, etc. Birds definitely have several calls for warning, gathering, mating, food sightings also
yes, but i figured it would be akin to a polyvalent word. the word itself doesn't mean anything, but the entonations and how you express it in tells you what is the intended message. i know for a fact dogs and cats can recognize certain words the owners use. so you'd think if they had a translatable language, someone would have figured out a dogtionaire by now