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When jumping over obstacles is one of the main actions, challenges, or mechanics of the game.

A metroidvania is a game inspired by Metroid and Castlevania

It often involves exploration and gaining new abilities to access new areas or progress.

Shoot 'Em Up or shmup games are a subset of shooter games where the player continually moves forward while waves of enemies enter the screen. Both shooting and dodging are critical to advancing. See also Bullet Hell.