Not only concept, but verbatim the name, so I think what you might see are games imitating some popular tower defense flash games from 10-20 years ago, not a game concept seen exactly like this 50 years ago.
Circling around is also in the Tempest game series. But the perspective is different.
The perspective thing is also with the Space Invaders and successors, like Galaga. You have a line and stuff comes from (a line) above. The planet defenders have a circle and stuff comes from a bigger (unseen) circle outside. Tempest has an ego perspective and you must select the correct path of incoming objects.
The select the path of incoming objects is also seen in Tapper (1983).
So, you want to know the first "deal with incoming objects on a circle" game mechanic. I am not sure, if that was used in the old arcade systems. It certainly looks, like it could have been.