I mean the first game to use the exact formula of the player controlling a ship that orbits around a planet and shoots outwards to destroy incoming asteroids and spaceships. Search for 'Planet Defender' on Itch and you will see many games using that specific format.
Thanks for the link but I had already looked at that. I thought it would have originally been an arcade game that came some time after Asteroids (1979) since it shares a lot of the same game elements but I could not find anything.
I just realised I said from the early 1970s in my original post but I meant late 1970s to early 1980s which may have thrown you off. I've now corrected it.