hey, thanks for your support and looking so deeply into the game! Ok, so this system is based on Into the Odd, and in all games of this type you don’t roll to hit, you hit automatically and just roll damage. However, that damage is reduced by Armour, so roll low and it may all be absorbed. Whenever something has additional dice, you roll both and take the higher number. It’s a way of having higher average damage for particular weapons. For ranged weapons in melee, they mostly miss, but if they do hit, ouch! So yes, in the example you give, the ranged weapon attacker in melee would roll 2d10, and if the higher number was 10, then it hits for that damage. Double 1 and it would gain wear (so unlikely, but possible)
Hope that helps! I’d love to hear how your sessions go.