Hey, loved the game, I thought it was really interesting and challenging once you got a hang of the controls. It gets to hectic with the low time intervals.
I think you could easily improve this with a few small changes to your Unity Physics2D settings, no programming necessary. If you increase the fixed timestep in the project settings all your physics will behave better, I usually take it from the default 1/50 second to 1/120 interval. Similarly it would be worth experimenting with different Rigidbody2D collision modes, continuous speculative may have worked well. Ultimately however, there is no solution to the sort of physics problems that arise in this game because you are creating physically impossible scenarios.
Take a look at these if you're interested
https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/ContinuousCollisionDetection.html