Godot has a Kinematic 2D Platformer demo that does what you are looking for.
Collision is one of the most challenging parts in programming basic gameplay because of the mixture of geometry problems(what collides) and timing/synchronization problems(when/what order things resolve, breaking a continuous movement along multiple axes into simpler one axis steps, resolving unexpected overlaps from objects spawning or teleporting). As needs get more and more complex all games eventually need to create custom solutions instead of relying on a generic engine collision system.
Fortunately for basic behaviors like tile worlds with slopes we do have a lot of examples to work off of now!