First of all, Remember that game jams are about challanging yourself and experimenting, And not always you come up with a great idea, But its fine becuase then you can improve on your next projects!
here are some things that could have made it more engaging:
- adding verticality to the levels
- Experementing with the light mechanic, for example being able to shot only when your light charged, and having it run out when you use it, that way theres a risk reward involved.
Its a bit hard to think about much more since the game currently is based around the proggression system, but in your upcoming projects i would recomand starting with an fun system that could be expanded on, and then seeing how far could you go with it :)