The reason I was so certain this time is because I have a mini-devlog on the title screen in my game, and the text at the top was exactly 1 version behind. after I pushed the patch.
Just to clarify, I don't doubt what you're saying.
What I do question is whether the issue lies with the Itch servers (for the reasons I explained earlier). It’s most likely that there’s an error in one of the steps—perhaps during the build and push process, or maybe a caching issue when running the game.
Have you tried running the local version of your game (the same one you're pushing) to verify that it is up to date?
Do you use the automatic or manual versioning method when pushing?
Have you checked the version Itch reports via the dashboard or API to confirm it matches the one you're uploading?
EDIT: When you perform a push, you also have the option to preview it so you can see what changes will be made. This can be useful for verifying exactly what is going to change.