Kind of? There are traits you can select, like night vision, or hollow bones, or wings, or fur/scales, etc that do affect your stats. There aren't a TON of them yet, but there are quite a few. Perhaps in the future we might get the ability to create/customize ones which would be neat.
TECHNICALLY your appearance/description can affect your "charisma" stat with the NPC's though. Which is just a really roundabout way of saying that if you put something in your description like "You're actually a long time resident of silverpine, and everyone knows and loves you." The NPC's will just act like that is the case. I've done this before to make characters that are Oriana/Celandines third sister before (cuz I luff sneks).