I'm not familiar with the game that inspired this one, so the system you're using is probably based on that one, but I think that the most reliable way to improve the combat would be to prevent no damage situations. You could just reduce everything to hit points and damage and focus on elements for advantage or disadvantage. Alternatively, turn armor into a shield that blocks a set amount of damage in a fight. I usually avoid dodge entirely when I design combat, but the best implementations I've seen are the ones where each attack attempts to land multiple hits. Critical hits are usually a fairer alternative to dodges because something still happens even if you don't crit.
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I get what you're saying, but this was way out of the scope I settled on for this jam x) Getting just the basic combat system was a nightmare in a half, and I did plan to get a few more mechanics in (namely, the ability to change the formation of your dinos) but I didn't have the time and I really needed to save as much time as possible for drawing the sprites and making the game as pretty as possible.
Next time maybe? I do intend to push the idea of dino battling further in a future project :)