These are all good questions, and the first one is the reason I came on here looking for answers. My guess is pass-through hole, but land on gem.. it should specify in rules but maybe since it mentions the specific condition of landing on it to get a perfect shot means you CAN score normally by just passing through the hole..? That or we are reading the end blurb wrong and it actually just implies that when you do eventually land on it, to mark a perfect shot. Just as a final 'gift'... idk.
edit, if 'passthrough' is allowed, I'm guessing it's only on the power shot and not deviation? (assuming your power shot leaves you close to the hole and the deviation passes through it)
Also I'm assuming if you pass through a wall with a perfect shot, you are counting the wall as as move and not skipping over it, correct?
Also today I re/learned the word orthogonally.