That's not actually how that works.
1 = 5v (or 3.3v in your example) and 0 = 0v (or 1v in your example) isn't quite true and is a big oversimplification.
When a chip asserts a 1, it is actively connecting its output to VCC, and when a chip asserts a 0 it is actively connecting its output to GND.
When no value is asserted on a bus, its not that it *actively* has 0 volts on it, it is that nothing is putting a value on it - that's what they mean by it "floating" - it could have some voltage potential relative to ground because nothing is anchoring it to VCC or GND. but that voltage isn't being asserted - its noise - and that noise is indistinguishable from some value if a chip tries to read from it.
Because of that, you can't really use any logic gate to determine if something is asserting something onto the bus from the receiving end - that's what control signals are for.