Thank you for the fast reply.
I have a GTX 1080. My driver was 560.94. Windows Device Manager / Update considered this to be up to date. But I downloaded the newest driver directly from Nvidia and did a clean install (wiping possible custom settings from before). Now I have version 566.36 installed. The problem with the game persists.
I used Windows Game Bar to monitor my FPS. I had an average of 119 FPS, that's also what I had shortly before the crash. The min. and max. peaks were 90 FPS and 149 FPS -- but they did not seem to be related to the crash.
Btw: VSYNC or at least a frame-limit would be nice to prevent wasting resources. My screen only has 60 Hz.