You have valid points. I def could have done more in game to explain how certain mechanics work (such as the time mechanic), I opted to cut-scope in game and intend to add them here in the game description when I have time.
I tried to keep both melee and ranged attacks relevant and force players to make a decision on which type of attack to use, but also allow space for upgrades to change how certain runs will play, rather than a more deliberate/baked-in design. For example, there is actually an "epic" upgrade that recovers mp with melee hits, if you power up enough, every melee hit will full charge your mp meter.
Regarding less-but-more-powerful upgrades, I considered that type of approach. With more dev time (or more roguelite experience) I may have gone that direction.
Thanks for your feedback!