Have you tried the other commands at the bottom of the stack overflow answer? There's one that might help:
select * from access where service = 'kTCCServiceMicrophone' ;
If you enter this after starting sqlite it'll show you all the other records for mic permissions, so you can compare the new data you're inserting with the existing permissions and see if they don't match up. The answer says it works for Ventura 13.3 so there might've been changes to the permissions in Ventura 13.4 onwards.
EDIT: aside from that, double-check the mic input and make sure PNGTuber+ is using a valid mic (also I saw someone say in another thread that they needed to select their mic twice for it to work).