In theory you could develop games with mobile version of TIC-80 (a fantasy console), but it's a pain (I've tried when my computer broke few years back and was left with nothing). Other than that, I don't know of any good gamedev environments for Android, sorry.
You really should get a cheap laptop that's modern enough to run Windows 10 and has basic dedicated GPU. When my computer broke after few months of saving I got an used Asus ux32vd (was cheap, though about 10 years old at the time) with an i5 and GTX660M. Not very good for gaming, but good enough to develop some games on, at least simple ones.