Not very well versed in that, I've used it within code::blocks for my own game to see where it crashes and to set breakpoints, but that's it.
Yeah, that's basically why I have the GT710 too, to have something from Nvidia to test things with. Have you tried using the Nouveau driver to see if you can debug the issue with that? It doesn't seem to support the required OpenGL version on my card though, so I'm not sure if it's helpful (using MESA_GL_VERSION_OVERRIDE to fake 4.4 support makes the game actually start and run into the same error, but then again that could be because something that's actually needed isn't supported by the driver).
Anyway, sorry for not being able to help any further. I have no idea about anything when it comes to shaders.
Well, now it keeps running after start with a window full of what I assume is garbage from the graphics memory. Here's an excerpt of the output before I killed it myself: https://pastebin.com/raw/QXDxsZh4