The page owner is the one who needs to approve that comment. The problem is that Itch doesn't notify users of pending messages, and the moderation option is hard to find.
If this happens with all your comments, it's best to contact support.
Hi, not sure what exactly helped, but today I tried posting the comment again, and it worked — it was published without any issues. My original comment was still awaiting approval, so I just deleted it. Anyway, thanks for your help!