If you open a command line and run the program with the following arguments, does it run correctly?
--rendering-method gl_compatibility
If so, maybe I can look into packaging a shell script or something in the folder to run with that option.
Additionally, do you see a godot.log file in ~/.local/share/godot/app_userdata/LuminousTreeGames/Derelict/logs? If the command line argument doesn't fix it, that may have some data in it that might help me debug your issue.