For a short list: For firefighting, Check out "Ignition Factor" (SNES), Firefighter FD18 (PS2), and Real Heroes: Firefighter (Wii and PC). For natural disasters: Disaster Report (Lots of games on many system), Fire Heroes (PS2, has more rescue than firefighting), and I know you mentioned SOS (SNES) which also has a sequel on PSX "Septentrion: Out of the Blue". There are so many neat obscure games that tried unique things :D
Viewing post in Turnin' for You: Fire of Heroic Origin jam comments
I totally loved Disaster Report 4, think the previous games in the series look even better especially the one on PS2. Same studio made a game which you're trying to survive a Kaiju attack on a city releases on PS4, only in Japan. I'll check the games you mentioned, i'm very interested in disaster and fire fighting games myself. I made a game which you extinguish forest wild fires with a fire plane for OpenGameArt 2023 Summer jam. It's pretty rough but still enjoyed working on it.
https://kozure-okami.itch.io/flame-fighter-ace