I'm pretty sure this happens because the game is unable to read the data it previously saved upon first running it. It saves data to "%localappdata%/gain_factory_reloaded_", if for some reason the game isn't able to access the contents of this folder, this error would show up. I'm not sure what would prevent it from reading.
This error is either with reading the palette files or the language files, but in both cases the game creates the default file if it doesn't find any already existing. If you delete "%localappdata%/gain_factory_reloaded_/palettes/active/default.palette" and "%localappdata%/gain_factory_reloaded_/language/active/en.lang", the game should run again, but it will also crash again if you restart it.
My guess is that maybe the game doesn't have permission to read files in the localappdata folder, or it's running in a virtual machine or on an older version of windows and there are compatibility problems. I've only ever tested the game on windows 10.