Thank you both for your help here! Based on this blog (section 3, "What if I need a (more) recent compiler?") it sounds like the problem is that the game is packaged with a version of libstdc++.so that's too old for your OpenGL instances to use - causing the program to crash.
I will try to upload a new Linux version today that doesn't include libstdc++.so, which should cause the game to use the system's version of that library instead and prevent this issue moving forward. (I think it's safe to assume there will always be a libstdc++ on people's systems if they have OpenGL...). In the meantime, the LD_PRELOAD workaround seems like the best option (thanks @espr, you're a lifesaver).