1: Queen bees are infinitely feedable, but their nutrition will never go above their max.
2: There is no benefit too feeding the queens past their maximum nutrition. The numbers that show up are just for tracking.
3: There is no benefit to retiring anyone; the girls are there to work.
(Retiring characters was a thing I added for the balance of it. Since you can spawn new characters, there needs to also be a way to remove characters from the world, otherwise spawning characters would be irreversible.)
Tho on point 2, I didn't think about benefits to overfeeding queens, but it would have made sense to make any nutrition above max go into the goddess or nearby characters. This would make sense thematically since bees are kinda hivemindy, and also it would make sense gameplaywise to be able to have more access points to feed the goddesses. I think I'll add this next time I release a new bug fix.