are there ways to get the longer, dialogue filled game overs (the arena Minotaur and the wolf) in the public version?
If so, how and which monsters have that style of game over?
Yes. In the gallery room, open the book and it will show a list of all scenes. The ones that display a square with Maya's face on the left side of the screen are the longer ones with dialogue. Make sure that you bought the globes from the witch, and also that bad endings are enabled in the advanced options menu.