Thank you for playing! I'd be happy to go over how levels are generated.
I didn't exactly use a special algorithm. Every few levels, I manually increase the number of orbs and colors and toggle booleans such as whether or not levels can rotate.
For colors, I have a predefined list of high-contrast palettes. This prevents randomly-selected colors from making a level too difficult for a colorblind player. Each level selects a palette and adds random colors from the palette to a list of sector colors until there is one color for every orb in the level.
For each orb, I pick a color from that list of colors. This is done repeatedly until at least half of the orbs are in the incorrect sector so that levels aren't too easy (or already solved).
Let me know if you have any further questions or need me to elaborate on something!