Hi, i don't want to sound pessimist or like a stupid 'crypto-bro' but no. CBDC won't prevent situations like these to happens. With that what you will be doing is change who can extort or censor others.
In both cases CBDC or standart payment processors (visa/mastercard/American express/paypal/etc) what they do is process the transaction. That means, when you pay anything with the money in your account, what happens under the hood is you (your device) sends a 'message' to the payment procesor that says 'please substract x amount of money from my account and add it to this other person's account' and then the payment processor choose to proceed or not.
You are not moving your money, you are asking others to do it for you.
You may not want your money to be administrated by a company, but a politician is no different. They also can (and they did) use their own power and influence to lock people access and free use of their people's funds. That's why many people root for Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies, because that technology works with a different principle.
In fact, is possible that with an CBDC the European government can legally designate Visa/Mastercard as the only payment processors, since they already have the infrastructure to process massive payments. (I may be wrong, i don't know what system is proposed to CBDC, but it may not be entirely free.