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Typically a graphical style where there are one two colors. (A bit can be either on or off, so two options) Commonly black and white, but can be any combination depending on the style the creator is trying to accomplish. 

Uses two-dimensional "sprites", 2D images created and used on a flat plane, as opposed to the three-dimensional models or environments found in 3D games.

Pixel Art refers to the charming, simplistic, retro/renaissance style of very-low-resolution graphics, such as from the 1977-1995 Atari, GameBoy, & Super Nintendo (SNES) eras.

Sprites are generally 2D images used in games to represent objects. They can be animated or static, and come in different styles like isometric or top-down.