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Typically small graphics that can be used to represent something, like items or actions

Pixel Art refers to the charming, simplistic, retro/renaissance style of very-low-resolution graphics, such as from the 1977-1995 Atari, GameBoy, & Super Nintendo (SNES) eras.

Sprites are generally 2D images used in games to represent objects. They can be animated or static, and come in different styles like isometric or top-down.