16 pixels by 16 pixels is a common resolution for assets matching a low-res pixel art aesthetic. Although the assets may not be specifically 16x16, they are designed to work in a graphical setting where objects are around that size.
PNG, or Portable Network Graphics is a common image file format that is lossless, can contain an transparency channel, and compressed. An ideal format for distributing static assets without any loss in quality.
Sprites are generally 2D images used in games to represent objects. They can be animated or static, and come in different styles like isometric or top-down.
