I'm inclined to believe that a Vulkan package is missing. It's the only thing I can think of
sudo apt install vulkan-tools libvulkan-dev vulkan-validationlayers-dev spirv-tools
But I think you have most of these already. Maybe one is missing. I was distributing a debug build so there are probably a lot of Vulkan packages involved on Debian/Ubuntu/PopOs. On Arch you get everything Vulkan with two packages (one for driver and one for everything else) so I didn't consider the difficulties of other distros.
Thanks for the backtrace, I think it will be helpful.