Awesome work! This is a fantastic jam game. Played it to completion despite 47 resets, which is a good sign.
Your level design was really clever, and it seemed like you stretched the limited mechanics you had to their absolute limits. I think there's maybe a bit of unexplored design room in slowing the game down and asking the player to make a careful decision about where they shoot for that puzzle element, but the more action-oriented elements were great too.
This isn't something I'd expect you to implement in a jam game, but if you decide to take this project any further the platforming could benefit from a lot of small details. Platformers are one of those genres where you really get killed if you don't design in detail. Adding things like input buffers for jumping right before a player lands, or right after they move off a platform, could add a lot. Additionally, I'd move away from using Unity Physics to move your player too much, and instead try to focus on coding as much of the movement yourself as you can, that will give you more control to fine-tune things.
Overall, great game, nice work you two!