I also couldn't read the rest of the instructions, but I figured it out anyhow.
First you separate the couples into two sets:
(171, 86, 217, 96, 150) RESULT
(1, 2, 4, 8, 16) STANDARD
Then convert each number in the result set to binary and list them each vertically (e.g.: 171 > 10101011). That step ends up looking like this:
1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 0
Then You substitute each '1' in the first column with the first number of the standard and the second number for each of the 1's in the second column, etc. That gives you eight numbers between 1-26 which suggests simple substitution of these numbers for the letter in that place of the alphabet, yielding the password UNIVERSE.
1 0 4 0 16 = 21 = U
0 2 4 8 0 = 14 = N
1 0 0 8 0 = 09 = I
0 2 4 0 16 = 22 = V
1 0 4 0 0 = 5 = E
0 2 0 0 16 = 18 = R
1 2 0 0 16 = 19 = S
1 0 4 0 0 = 5 = E
Now I myself got stuck in ChallengePack1 I think. The last level4 has a file named Complete, but it's password protected and I'm unsure if I'm supposed to be able to open it. I don't see a way that the previous codes (255-015-240-179, 1F772, NEXT) relate in away to open it. Maybe I'm not supposed to open it. Anyway, great game, ya'll. I'm sorry to report I also didn't take the time to decode your names, but it was a fun ride!