A very good question. Linux is a tricksy thing at the best of times. 😅 The rpath of the binary *should* be set to the lib directory - however you can check it with readelf -d vga_golf which will list all the dependencies and the current rpath of the binary. If the path is incorrect, or I've made a typo you can use chrpath -r lib vga_golf to set it to use the lib directory. For more in-depth information on this approach check out this blog: https://pvigier.github.io/2018/10/07/distributing-c++-program-linux.html
If that doesn't work I have been told that the Windows version of the game works well under proton so that might be worth a try. In the future I'm hoping to create an AppImage for the linux version, but until then this is the best advice I can offer 😥