Yes, the scoring patch is capable of displaying any amount of badges defined in JSON. I tried to make it as flexible as possible, so modders have freedoms when designing mission-specific or alternative scoring models. That being said, scores with too many badges look terrible. So badges should not overlap too much. That's one reason why the generic scoring model only issues the classical badges.
I'm open to adding alternative scoring models to the mod, so feel free to share what you come up with. If I add any form of color support in the future, it is likely that it can be used in a similar fashion as badges, so your work will still apply!