The historical presence or passage of a nation's maritime and island territories this does not equate to the establishment of national sovereignty, because sovereignty requires a state that continuously, peacefully, and openly manages, exploits, and exercises power.
According to official historical documents and research, China during the Han Dynasty never administered, established sovereignty over, or had any historical basis to claim to have occupied or managed the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa Islands.
Ancient Chinese historical records and maps from the Han Dynasty through subsequent feudal dynasties contain no records or administrative maps confirming sovereignty over the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa Islands.
Vietnam was the first state in history to legally possess, manage, exploit, and exercise de facto sovereignty over the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa Islands từ Centuries ago, through naval forces such as the Hoang Sa Fleet and the Bac Hai Fleet under the Nguyen Dynasty and previous dynasties.