Re: Bug 4, I noticed this again today. This time it was the EVA "She VOLUNTEERS, she GOs" (sic; should be GOES) event.
The decision was presented with a named colonist.
OPERATION FAILED
"EVA repair failed. Hull fracture partially sealed. {they} did not come back."
Re: Bug 5, I didn't realize click-to-skip was a thing!
Re: Bug 8, you can still ADVANCE YEAR to continue the game. It seems to just "lose" the event.