the answer depends on the type of clock, digital or analogue
for analogue clocks, their time is indicated by the minute hand (longer hand), hour hand (smallest hand), the numbers (and ticks) on the outer edge of the clock, and sometimes a second hand (typically coloured differently or extremely thin).
the hour is displayed just by the last number that the hour hand touched, seen in the image.
the minute (and by extension, the second, but let's focus on the minute) is displayed with both the hand and some math. The last number the hand touched is multiplied by 5, then focus on the smaller ticks, which act as individual minutes, meaning you can add up the ticks that the hand has passed AFTER the last number it touched.
And then once you have your hours and minutes (and seconds, depending on the clock), you now have your time. The time on the clock is 10:10:35.
for digital clocks... they literally just show the time for you.
I hope this short read helped you understand how to read analogue clocks better:
(I meant this comment as a joke, but I ended up getting invested into writing like this XD)