Not the calculus I remember, but this is such a cool concept! I'm a substitute teacher by day and I can say with absolutely certainty that the elementary kids I work with would absolutely lose their minds over these mechanics regardless of if it were math, spelling or any other subject.
I also think there's a real possibility they'd lose their minds with how tight the calculation changes are in proximity to the next incoming target. I have an engineering degree and even I felt robbed on a couple of occasions.
Really though, this is such a cool concept with so much utility outside of just being fun. Great job!